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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) often occurs before age 15, yet the majority of research on risk factors for this dangerous behavior has focused on samples of older participants. Insecure attachment has been previously...

attachment behavioral problems Self-harm self-injury young adolescents Adolescent Anxiety Avoidance Learning Behavioral Research Female Humans Male Mother-Child Relations Object Attachment Problem Behavior Psychopathology Risk Factors Self-Injurious Behavior Surveys and Questionnaires

Plants and insects often use the same compounds for chemical communication, but not much is known about the genetics of convergent evolution of chemical signals. The terpene (E)-β-ocimene is a common component of floral scent...

Animals Butterflies Alkyl and Aryl Transferases Aphrodisiacs Pheromones Avoidance Learning evolution Molecular Phylogeny Species Specificity Genes Insect Female Male Sexual Behavior Animal

Herbert Spencer Jennings Stentor roeseli avoidance behavior Ciliates coin toss decision-making Avoidance Learning Ciliophora Decision Making Ecosystem Eukaryotic Cells

Rotten food, maggots, bodily waste-all elicit disgust in humans. Disgust promotes survival by encouraging avoidance of disease vectors1 but is also implicated in prejudice toward minority groups; avoidance of environmentally...

avoidance disgust emotion eye tracking gastric gut-brain interaction Interoception Nausea Somatic visceral Adolescent Adult Avoidance Learning Digestion disgust Domperidone Emotions Fear Humans Stomach Young Adult

Adult Avoidance Learning Caudate Nucleus Female Functional Neuroimaging Habits Humans Male Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Prefrontal Cortex Psychopathology Putamen Research Design

In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), functional behaviors such as checking that a door is locked become dysfunctional, maladaptive, and debilitating. However, it is currently unknown how aversive and appetitive motivations...

Animals Anxiety Appetitive Behavior Avoidance Learning Behavior Animal Conditioning Classical Conditioning Operant Disease Models Animal Fear Goals Male motivation Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Rats Reward

Since noxious stimulation usually leads to the perception of pain, pain has traditionally been considered sensory nociception. But its variability and sensitivity to a broad array of cognitive and motivational factors have meant...

active inference Active sensing Avoidance Learning computome endogenous modulation free energy information theory Optimal control pain and nociception pregenual anterior cingulate cortex Avoidance Learning Brain Cognition Conditioning Classical Conditioning Operant Humans learning motivation nociception Pain Pain Perception Reinforcement psychology

Generalised avoidance behaviours are a common diagnostic feature of anxiety-related disorders and a barrier to affecting changes in anxiety during therapy. However, strategies to mitigate generalised avoidance are...

avoidance Anxiety category-based generalisation generalisation Anxiety Avoidance Learning Conditioning Classical Fear Generalization Psychological Humans

Warning signals are an effective defence strategy for aposematic prey, but only if they are recognized by potential predators. If predators must eat prey to associate novel warning signals with unpalatability, how can aposematic...

Animals Avoidance Learning Female Food Chain Male Models Biological Predatory Behavior Social Behavior Songbirds

Social transmission of information is taxonomically widespread and could have profound effects on the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of animal communities. Demonstrating this in the wild, however, has been challenging....

Animals Passeriformes Vocalization Animal Predatory Behavior Social Behavior Avoidance Learning selection Genetic Biological Evolution Remote Sensing Technology Prunus dulcis United Kingdom

Social transmission of information is taxonomically widespread and could have profound effects on the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of animal communities. Demonstrating this in the wild, however, has been challenging....

Animals Avoidance Learning Biological Evolution Passeriformes Predatory Behavior Prunus dulcis Remote Sensing Technology selection Genetic Social Behavior United Kingdom Vocalization Animal

INTRODUCTION: Harmful behavior such as smoking may reflect a disturbance in the balance of goal-directed and habitual control. Animal models suggest that habitual control develops after prolonged substance use. In this study, we...

Adolescent Adult Animals Avoidance Learning Brain Conditioning Operant Cross-Sectional Studies Female Goals Humans Male Middle Aged motivation smokers Smoking Tobacco Use Disorder Young Adult