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Spirulina algae (Spirulina platensis) cultivated in geothermally powered photobioreactors is here proposed as a potentially resource efficient, zero-carbon, and nutritious alternative to conventional beef meat. Employing a...

Research Spirulina Photobioreactors life cycle assessment Environmental impact Carbon neutrality Alternative protein

Spirulina algae (Spirulina platensis) cultivated in geothermally powered photobioreactors is here proposed as a potentially resource efficient, zero-carbon, and nutritious alternative to conventional beef meat. Employing a...

Alternative protein Carbon neutrality Environmental impact life cycle assessment Photobioreactors Spirulina Amino Acids Essential Ammonia Animals Biomass Carbon Carbon Dioxide Cattle Environment Fertilizers Iceland Life Cycle Stages Spirulina Vitamins water