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Optical super-resolution microscopy techniques enable high molecular specificity with high spatial resolution and constitute a set of powerful tools in the investigation of the structure of supramolecular assemblies such as...

Influenza Newcastle disease virus EPIDEMIOLOGY Global Health infectious disease Machine Learning microbiology structural analysis super-resolution microscopy Virus Algorithms Automation Image Processing Computer-Assisted Influenza Vaccines Machine Learning Microscopy Fluorescence Newcastle disease virus Orthomyxoviridae vaccines Attenuated

Viral mRNA synthesis is an essential step in the influenza virus replication cycle and is a prime target for the development of new antivirals. New structures of the influenza virus RNA polymerase now unveil previously unknown...

DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases Humans Influenza Human Orthomyxoviridae RNA Messenger RNA Viral Transcription Genetic Virus Replication

FAV00A RNA polymerase RNA synthesis Adenovirus Adenoviruses enisamium iodide influenza A and B influenza A and B viruses respiratory syncytial virus respiratory viruses Treatment Adolescent Adult Humans Influenza Human Middle Aged Orthomyxoviridae Pyridinium Compounds RNA Viral Respiratory Tract Infections Viral Replicase Complex Proteins Virus Shedding Young Adult

The type II transmembrane serine proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT activate influenza viruses and the SARS-coronavirus (TMPRSS2) in cell culture and may play an important role in viral spread and pathogenesis in the infected host....

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Animals Birds Cell Line Disease Reservoirs Enzyme Activation Gastrointestinal Tract Gene Expression Humans Influenza Human Orthomyxoviridae Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Receptors Virus Respiratory System Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Serine Endopeptidases Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Sialic Acids Swine

Here we report label-free optical imaging of single particles of the influenza virus attached on a glass surface with a simple objective-type total internal reflection dark-field microscopy (TIRDFM). The capability of TIRDFM for...

Freeze Drying Microscopy Electron Scanning Microscopy Electron Transmission Microscopy Fluorescence Orthomyxoviridae Semiconductors

Influenza viruses use an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe and replicate their segmented negative-stranded RNA genomes. The influenza A virus RdRp consists of a heterotrimeric complex of the proteins PB1, PB2...

ApG extension assay Cap-binding assay Influenza virus Minigenome Polymerase purification Primer extension assay RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Replicon Viral-like RNA Cells Cultured Enzyme Activation Enzyme Assays Gene Expression Genes Reporter Genome Viral Humans Orthomyxoviridae RNA Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Transcription Genetic Virus Replication

The viral RNA (vRNA) genome of influenza viruses is replicated by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) via a complementary RNA (cRNA) intermediate. The vRNA promoter can adopt multiple conformations when bound by the RNAP....

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Nucleic Acid Conformation Nucleotides Orthomyxoviridae RNA Viral Virus Replication

We found upregulation of expression of the microRNA miR-155 in primary effector and effector memory CD8(+) T cells, but low miR-155 expression in naive and central memory cells. Antiviral CD8(+) T cell responses and viral...

Animals CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Cell Proliferation Flow Cytometry Gene Expression Profiling Gene Regulatory Networks Immunoblotting Immunologic Memory Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 Interferons Mice Mice Inbred C57BL Mice Knockout MicroRNAs Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Orthomyxoviridae Orthomyxoviridae Infections RNA Interference Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction STAT1 Transcription Factor Signal Transduction Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins