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Admissible multiarm stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial designs.
Numerous publications have now addressed the principles of designing, analyzing, and reporting the results of stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials. In contrast, there is little research available pertaining to the design and...
Improving phase II oncology trials using best observed RECIST response as an endpoint by modelling continuous tumour measurements.
In many phase II trials in solid tumours, patients are assessed using endpoints based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) scale. Often, analyses are based on the response rate. This is the proportion of...
continuous tumour shrinkage endpoints longitudinal model phase II cancer trial Clinical Trials Phase II as Topic Colonic Neoplasms Computer Simulation Disease Progression Endpoint Determination Humans Logistic Models Medical Oncology Neoplasms Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Research Design Treatment Outcome
Understanding influences on the uptake of pulmonary rehabilitation in the East of England
INTRODUCTION: 1.2 million people in the UK have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that causes breathlessness, difficulty with daily activities, infections and hospitalisation. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), a...
Genomic Risk Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease in 480,000 Adults
Michael Inouye, Gad Abraham, Christopher P Nelson, Angela M Wood, Michael J Sweeting, Frank Dudbridge, Florence Y Lai, Stephen Kaptoge, Marta Brozynska, Tingting Wang, Shu Ye, Thomas R Webb, Martin K Rutter, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Riyaz S Patel, Ruth JF Loos, Bernard Keavney, Harry Hemingway, John Thompson, Hugh Watkins, Panos Deloukas, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Adam S Butterworth, John Danesh, Nilesh J Samani, UK Biobank CardioMetabolic Consortium CHD working group
Nov 22, 2018
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) has substantial heritability and a polygenic architecture. However, the potential of genomic risk scores to help predict CAD outcomes has not been evaluated comprehensively, because...
Coronary Artery Disease genomic risk prediction Primary Prevention Coronary Artery Disease Female Genome-Wide Association Study Genomics Humans Male Mass Screening Middle Aged Multifactorial Inheritance Predictive Value of Tests Primary Prevention Research Design Risk Assessment Risk Factors United Kingdom
Re-formulating Gehan's design as a flexible two-stage single-arm trial.
BACKGROUND: Gehan's two-stage design was historically the design of choice for phase II oncology trials. One of the reasons it is less frequently used today is that it does not allow for a formal test of treatment efficacy, and...
Universal screening for foetal growth restriction.
Gordon CS Smith
Jun 01, 2018
Foetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Clinical methods for identifying women whose pregnancies are affected by FGR do not perform well. Despite this, the current approach to screening...
biomarker Doppler Foetal growth restriction Placenta screening ULTRASOUND Biomarkers Biometry Female Fetal Growth Retardation Gestational Age Humans Infant Newborn Mass Screening Placenta Predictive Value of Tests Pregnancy Prenatal Care Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Research Design Risk Factors Ultrasonography Prenatal
Adaptive designs in clinical trials
Philip Pallmann, Alun W Bedding, Babak Choodari-Oskooei, Munyaradzi Dimairo, Laura Flight, Lisa V Hampson, Jane Holmes, Adrian P Mander, Lang'o Odondi, Matthew R Sydes, Sofía S Villar, James MS Wason, Christopher J Weir, Graham M Wheeler, Christina Yap, Thomas Jaki
Jun 12, 2018
Adaptive designs can make clinical trials more flexible by utilising results accumulating in the trial to modify the trial's course in accordance with pre-specified rules. Trials with an adaptive design are often more efficient...
Implementing an evidence-based computerized decision support system linked to electronic health records to improve care for cancer patients
Lorenzo Moja, Alessandro Passardi, Matteo Capobussi, Rita Banzi, Francesca Ruggiero, Koren Kwag, Elisa Giulia Liberati, Massimo Mangia, Ilkka Kunnamo, Michela Cinquini, Roberto Vespignani, Americo Colamartini, Valentina Di Iorio, Ilaria Massa, Marien González-Lorenzo, Lorenzo Bertizzolo, Peter Nyberg, Jeremy Grimshaw, Stefanos Bonovas, Oriana Nanni
Jul 30, 2018
BACKGROUND: Computerized decision support systems (CDSSs) are computer programs that provide doctors with person-specific, actionable recommendations, or management options that are intelligently filtered or presented at...
Computerized decision support systems Electronic Health Records Electronic patient records Evidence-Based Medicine oncology Pragmatic trial Randomized controlled trial Reminder Systems Decision Support Systems clinical Electronic Health Records Evidence-Based Medicine Humans Neoplasms Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Research Design
Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel, and dipyridamole versus clopidogrel alone or aspirin and dipyridamole in patients with acute cerebral ischaemia (TARDIS)
Philip M Bath, Lisa J Woodhouse, Jason P Appleton, Maia Beridze, Hanne Christensen, Robert A Dineen, Lelia Duley, Timothy J England, Katie Flaherty, Diane Havard, Stan Heptinstall, Marilyn James, Kailash Krishnan, Hugh S Markus, Alan A Montgomery, Stuart J Pocock, Marc Randall, Annemarei Ranta, Thompson G Robinson, Polly Scutt, Graham S Venables, Nikola Sprigg, TARDIS Investigators
Mar 07, 2018
BACKGROUND: Intensive antiplatelet therapy with three agents might be more effective than guideline treatment for preventing recurrent events in patients with acute cerebral ischaemia. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy...
Acute Disease Aged Aspirin Brain Ischemia Clopidogrel Denmark Dipyridamole Drug Therapy Combination Female Georgia Hemorrhage Humans Ischemia Ischemic Attack Transient Male Middle Aged New Zealand Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Prospective Studies Recurrence Research Design Risk Assessment stroke Thrombolytic Therapy Ticlopidine Treatment Outcome United Kingdom
A cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the GoActive intervention to increase physical activity among adolescents aged 13-14 years.
Helen Elizabeth Brown, Fiona Whittle, Stephanie T Jong, Caroline Croxson, Stephen J Sharp, Paul Wilkinson, Edward Cf Wilson, Esther Mf van Sluijs, Anna Vignoles, Kirsten Corder
Dec 07, 2017
INTRODUCTION: Adolescent physical activity promotion is rarely effective, despite adolescence being critical for preventing physical activity decline. Low adolescent physical activity is likely to last into adulthood, increasing...
A quick guide to survey research.
Many thanks for your interest in our article. We agree on the
issue of multimodal surveys and, certainly, for non-responders, a multimodal survey is a good tool. The other points
mentioned in your letter have already been...
A scoping review of the potential for chart stimulated recall as a clinical research method.
BACKGROUND: Chart-stimulated recall (CSR) is a case-based interviewing technique, which is used in the assessment of clinical decision-making in medical education and professional certification. Increasingly, clinical...
Chart stimulated recall Decision Making General Practice qualitative research SCOPING REVIEW Clinical Competence Clinical Decision-Making Female Guideline Adherence Humans Interviews as Topic Male Medical Records Mental Recall Primary Health Care qualitative research Reproducibility of Results Research Design
Demonstrating a multi-primary high dynamic range display system for vision experiments.
We describe the design, construction, calibration, and characterization of a multi-primary high dynamic range (MPHDR) display system for use in vision research. The MPHDR display is the first system to our knowledge to allowfor...
Managing uncertain recovery for patients nearing the end of life in hospital
J Koffman, E Yorganci, D Yi, W Gao, F Murtagh, A Pickles, S Barclay, H Johnson, R Wilson, L Sampson, J Droney, M Farquhar, T Prevost, CJ Evans
Aug 19, 2019
BACKGROUND: The AMBER (Assessment, Management, Best Practice, Engagement, Recovery Uncertain) care bundle is a complex intervention used in UK hospitals to support patients with uncertain recovery. However, it has yet to be...
AMBER care bundle feasibility study clinical trial clinical uncertainty complex intervention end-of-life care mixed methods Palliative Care Aged Aged 80 and over Cluster Analysis Feasibility Studies Female Humans Male Middle Aged Patient Care Bundles Patient Selection Prospective Studies Research Design Terminal Care uncertainty
Identifying correlates and determinants of physical activity in youth
Andrew J Atkin, Esther Mf van Sluijs, James Dollman, Wendell C Taylor, Rebecca M Stanley
Mar 02, 2016
Ethical considerations and challenges for using digital ethnography to research vulnerable populations
The social technologies of the web permit new techniques of research to emerge, often with novel ethical challenges. One such technique is digital ethnography. While there is a robust literature associated with digital...
Evaluation of public health interventions from a complex systems perspective
Elizabeth McGill, Vanessa Er, Tarra Penney, Matt Egan, Martin White, Petra Meier, Margaret Whitehead, Karen Lock, Rachel Anderson de Cuevas, Richard Smith, Natalie Savona, Harry Rutter, Dalya Marks, Frank De Vocht, Steven Cummins, Jennie Popay, Mark Petticrew
Jan 14, 2021
INTRODUCTION: Applying a complex systems perspective to public health evaluation may increase the relevance and strength of evidence to improve health and reduce health inequalities. In this review of methods, we aimed to: (i)...
The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia
Christel M Middeldorp, Janine F Felix, Anubha Mahajan, EArly Genetics Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortium, Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium, Mark I McCarthy
Jul 18, 2019
The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as...
Association between patient activation, self-management behaviours and clinical outcomes in adults with diabetes or related metabolic disorders
Julia Mueller, Amy L Ahern, Stephen J Sharp, Rebecca Richards, Jack M Birch, Alan Davies, Simon J Griffin
Feb 02, 2022
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes and related metabolic disorders such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a growing global issue. Equipping individuals with the necessary 'knowledge, skills and confidence to self-manage their...
Alcohol consumption in relation to cardiovascular diseases and mortality
Inge AT van de Luitgaarden, Sabine van Oort, Emma J Bouman, Linda J Schoonmade, Ilse C Schrieks, Diederick E Grobbee, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Susanna C Larsson, Stephen Burgess, Adriana J van Ballegooijen, N Charlotte Onland-Moret, Joline WJ Beulens
Jul 28, 2022
The causal effects of alcohol-in-moderation on cardiometabolic health are continuously debated. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an established method to address causal questions in observational studies. We performed a...
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