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Animals Cell Line Cricetinae Electrophoresis Polyacrylamide Gel Genomics HeLa Cells Humans Immunoblotting Immunoprecipitation Ion Channels Mamastrovirus Microscopy Fluorescence Plasmids Ribosomes Viral Nonstructural Proteins Viroporin Proteins Virus Replication

Nsp15, a uridine specific endoribonuclease conserved across coronaviruses, processes viral RNA to evade detection by host defense systems. Crystal structures of Nsp15 from different coronaviruses have shown a common hexameric...

Amino Acid Sequence Catalytic Domain Cryoelectron Microscopy Endoribonucleases Models Chemical Models Molecular SARS-CoV-2 Uridine Triphosphate Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Animals Chlorocebus aethiops DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases dengue virus Genome Viral Peptide Chain Initiation Translational Protein Biosynthesis RNA Viral Vero Cells Viral Nonstructural Proteins Virus Replication Zika Virus

Influenza virus-infected cells vary widely in their expression of viral genes and only occasionally activate innate immunity. Here, we develop a new method to assess how the genetic variation in viral populations contributes to...

10x Chromium NS1 PB1 PacBio defective virus Heterogeneity Influenza virus interferon Single-cell RNA-seq A549 Cells genetic variation Humans Immunity Innate Influenza A virus H1N1 Subtype Sequence Analysis RNA Single-Cell Analysis Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Viroplasms are cytoplasmic, membraneless structures assembled in rotavirus (RV)-infected cells, which are intricately involved in viral replication. Two virus-encoded, non-structural proteins, NSP2 and NSP5, are the main drivers...

Crispr-Csy4 Genome Editing Nsp2 Nsp5 liquid-liquid phase separation Protein-Rna Condensates Replication Cycle Reverse Genetics Rotavirus Viroplasm Animals Capsid Proteins Cytoplasm Cytosol Humans Phosphorylation RNA-Binding Proteins Rotavirus Rotavirus Infections Viral Nonstructural Proteins Viral Replication Compartments Virus Assembly Virus Replication

Molecular Chaperones Protein Structure Secondary RNA Viral Rotavirus Transcriptome Viral Nonstructural Proteins

The molecular mechanisms that drive the infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-are under intense current scrutiny to understand...

DNA polymerase α-primase SARS-CoV-2 cryo-EM NSP1 Protein-Protein Interaction covid-19 Cryoelectron Microscopy DNA Polymerase I DNA Primase Humans Proteomics SARS-CoV-2 Viral Nonstructural Proteins Virulence Factors

Many viruses sequester the materials needed for their replication into discrete subcellular factories. For rotaviruses (RVs), these factories are called viroplasms, and they are formed in the host cell cytosol via the process of...

Rotavirus Nsp2 Viral Factory Viroplasm Llps Nsp5 Viral Nonstructural Proteins Virus Replication Phosphorylation

Recently, we identified a unique -2/-1 ribosomal frameshift mechanism in PRRSV, which yields two truncated forms of nonstructural protein (nsp) 2 variants, nsp2TF and nsp2N. Here, in vitro expression of individual PRRSV nsp2TF...

Innate immune response PRRSV Ribosomal frameshift nsp2N nsp2TF Animals Cell Line Chlorocebus aethiops Gene Expression Regulation Immunity Innate Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus RNA Messenger Swine Up-Regulation Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Deubiquitylases (DUBs) regulate critical signaling pathways at the intersection of host immunity and viral pathogenesis. Although RIG-I activation is heavily dependent on ubiquitylation, systematic analyses of DUBs that regulate...

RIG-I signaling RNA virus deubiquitylases influenza A Innate immune response Ubiquitylation viral subversion strategies A549 Cells Animals Cysteine Endopeptidases Cytosol DEAD Box Protein 58 Deubiquitinating Enzymes Dogs Gene Deletion HEK293 Cells Humans Influenza Human Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 Interferon Type I Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells Male Mitochondrial Membranes NF-kappa B Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex Protein Multimerization Proteolysis Receptors Immunologic Signal Transduction Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Type I interferons (IFNs) are produced by most cells in response to virus infection and stimulate a program of anti-viral gene expression in neighboring cells to suppress virus replication. Type III IFNs have similar properties...

IRF-1 IRF-3 IRF-7 NF-κB NSP1 Rotavirus type I interferon type III interferon Animals Epithelial Cells HEK293 Cells Humans Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 Interferon Type I Interferons Intestines Rotavirus Viral Nonstructural Proteins

The Norovirus genus contains important human pathogens, but the role of host pathways in norovirus replication is largely unknown. Murine noroviruses provide the opportunity to study norovirus replication in cell culture and in...

noroviruses plus-strand RNA virus protein structure-function reverse genetic analysis viral replication virus-host interactions Amino Acid Motifs Animals Cell Line HEK293 Cells Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Mice Norovirus Phenylalanine RAW 264.7 Cells RNA Viral Reverse Genetics Vesicular Transport Proteins Viral Nonstructural Proteins Virus Replication

BACKGROUND: African horse sickness virus (AHSV) causes a non-contagious, infectious disease in equids, with mortality rates that can exceed 90% in susceptible horse populations. AHSV vaccines play a crucial role in the control...

African Horse Sickness Virus Animals Antibodies Viral Antigens Viral Capsid Proteins Gene Expression Regulation Horses Neutralization Tests Vaccination vaccines Attenuated vaccines Synthetic Viral Core Proteins Viral Nonstructural Proteins Viral Vaccines

FRET RNA virus calicivirus Norovirus polyprotein Protease Substrate Specificity Virus Amino Acid Sequence Amino Acid Substitution Animals Cell Line Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Humans Mice Molecular Sequence Data Norovirus Peptide Hydrolases Polyproteins Proteolysis Viral Nonstructural Proteins

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes severe disease following congenital infection and in immunocompromised individuals. No vaccines are licensed, and there are limited treatment options. We now show...

immunology NK cells Proteomics Virology Antibodies Monoclonal Antibodies Viral Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Antigens Viral Cell Line Transformed Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Infections Humans Viral Nonstructural Proteins Virus Activation

RNA-remodeling proteins, including RNA helicases and chaperones, act to remodel RNA structures and/or protein-RNA interactions and are required for all processes involving RNAs. Although many viruses encode RNA helicases and...

RNA chaperone RNA helicase Norovirus Amino Acid Sequence Cell Line Guanidine Humans Life Cycle Stages Molecular Chaperones Norovirus Nucleoside-Triphosphatase Protein Binding Protein Folding RNA Helicases RNA Viral Replicon Sequence Alignment Sequence Analysis Viral Nonstructural Proteins Virus Replication

The -2/-1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-2/-1 PRF) mechanism in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) leads to the translation of two additional viral proteins, nonstructural protein 2TF (nsp2TF) and...

arterivirus simarterivirus −2/−1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting Amino Acid Motifs Amino Acid Sequence Animals Arterivirus Biological Evolution Cell Line Frameshifting Ribosomal Gene Expression Models Molecular Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus Protein Conformation Structure-Activity Relationship Viral Nonstructural Proteins Virus Replication

RNA imaging RNA Viruses Biochemistry biomolecular condensates chemical biology infectious disease microbiology Ribonucleoproteins viruses Virus Replication Ribonucleoproteins Viral Nonstructural Proteins Cell Line Rotavirus RNA RNA Viral