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Placental-related fetal growth restriction arises primarily due to deficient remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries supplying the placenta during early pregnancy. The resultant malperfusion induces cell stress within the...

AKT/mTOR Apoptosis atherosis chorion laeve electron transport chain extravillous trophoblast failure of physiologic transformation fetal growth restriction fetoplacental weight ratio Hemochorial placentation interstitial trophoblast intervillous space intraplacental oxygen concentration Mitochondria Oxidative Stress perivillous fibrin deposition Placenta placental infarct placental inflammation placental location Reactive Oxygen Species spiral arteries ultrasound imaging Unfolded Protein Response villi regression villous hypoplasia Chorionic Villi Female Fetal Growth Retardation Gene Expression Regulation Genomic Imprinting Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Maternal-Fetal Exchange Placenta Placental Circulation Placental Insufficiency Placentation pre-eclampsia Pregnancy Stress Physiological Trophoblasts Ultrasonography Prenatal Umbilical Arteries Uterine Artery Vascular Remodeling