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The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators
Apr 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: Efforts to quantify the global burden of enteric fever are valuable for understanding the health lost and the large-scale spatial distribution of the disease. We present the estimates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever...
Adolescent Adult Aged Aged 80 and over Cause of Death Child Child Preschool Disabled Persons Female Global Burden of Disease Humans Incidence Infant Life Expectancy Male Mass Vaccination Middle Aged Paratyphoid Fever Quality-Adjusted Life Years Risk Factors Salmonella enterica Sanitation Typhoid Fever Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines Young Adult
Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950-2017
GBD 2017 Population and Fertility Collaborators
Sep 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of...
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017
GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators
Sep 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising...
Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Aged 80 and over Child Child Preschool Disabled Persons Environmental Exposure Female Global Burden of Disease Global Health Health Risk Behaviors Humans Infant Infant Newborn Life Expectancy Male Metabolic Diseases Middle Aged Occupational Diseases occupational exposure Quality-Adjusted Life Years Risk Assessment Sex Distribution Socioeconomic Factors Young Adult
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017
GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators
Feb 01, 2019
BACKGROUND: Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated...
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and...
Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Aged 80 and over Child Child Preschool Disabled Persons Female Global Burden of Disease Global Health Humans Incidence Infant Infant Newborn Life Expectancy Male Middle Aged Morbidity prevalence Sex Distribution Socioeconomic Factors Wounds and Injuries Young Adult
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017
GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators
Feb 08, 2019
BACKGROUND: How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and...
Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories
GBD 2017 SDG Collaborators
Sep 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on...
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015
BACKGROUND: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from...
Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015
GBD 2015 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators. Electronic address: cjlm@uw.edu, GBD 2015 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators
Dec 12, 2017
BACKGROUND: National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality)....
Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015
GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators
Nov 21, 2017
BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a...
Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016
GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators
Feb 08, 2019
BACKGROUND: The number of individuals living with dementia is increasing, negatively affecting families, communities, and health-care systems around the world. A successful response to these challenges requires an accurate...
Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016
GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators
Sep 18, 2019
BACKGROUND: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to...
Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015
GBD 2015 Child Mortality Collaborators
Nov 30, 2017
BACKGROUND: Established in 2000, Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) catalysed extraordinary political, financial, and social commitments to reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. At the country level...
Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries
GBD 2015 SDG Collaborators
Nov 21, 2017
BACKGROUND: In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33...
Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016
GBD 2016 Mortality Collaborators
Oct 03, 2018
BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause...
Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Aged 80 and over Birth Rate Cause of Death Child Child Preschool Educational Status Female Global Burden of Disease Global Health HIV Infections Humans Infant Infant Newborn Life Expectancy Male Middle Aged Socioeconomic Factors Stillbirth Survival Rate Young Adult
Evaluation of the Clinical and Microbiological Response to Salmonella Paratyphi A Infection in the First Paratyphoid Human Challenge Model.
Hazel C Dobinson, Malick M Gibani, Claire Jones, Helena B Thomaides-Brears, Merryn Voysey, Thomas C Darton, Claire S Waddington, Danielle Campbell, Iain Milligan, Liqing Zhou, Sonu Shrestha, Simon A Kerridge, Anna Peters, Zoe Stevens, Audino Podda, Laura B Martin, Flavia D'Alessio, Duy Pham Thanh, Buddha Basnyat, Stephen Baker, Brian Angus, Myron M Levine, Christoph J Blohmke, Andrew J Pollard
Apr 10, 2019
BACKGROUND: To expedite the evaluation of vaccines against paratyphoid fever, we aimed to develop the first human challenge model of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A infection. METHODS: Two groups of 20 participants...
Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa.
International Typhoid Consortium, Vanessa K Wong, Kathryn E Holt, Chinyere Okoro, Stephen Baker, Derek J Pickard, Florian Marks, Andrew J Page, Grace Olanipekun, Huda Munir, Roxanne Alter, Paul D Fey, Nicholas A Feasey, Francois-Xavier Weill, Simon Le Hello, Peter J Hart, Samuel Kariuki, Robert F Breiman, Melita A Gordon, Robert S Heyderman, Jan Jacobs, Octavie Lunguya, Chisomo Msefula, Calman A MacLennan, Karen H Keddy, Anthony M Smith, Robert S Onsare, Elizabeth de Pinna, Satheesh Nair, Ben Amos, Gordon Dougan, Stephen Obaro
Feb 19, 2019
BACKGROUND: The burden of typhoid in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries has been difficult to estimate, in part, due to suboptimal laboratory diagnostics. However, surveillance blood cultures at two sites in Nigeria have...
Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015
GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality Collaborators
Nov 30, 2017
BACKGROUND: In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success...
The Relationship Between Blood Sample Volume and Diagnostic Sensitivity of Blood Culture for Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever
BACKGROUND: Blood culture is the standard diagnostic method for typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric) fever in surveillance studies and clinical trials, but sensitivity is widely acknowledged to be suboptimal. We conducted a...
Use of multidimensional item response theory methods for dementia prevalence prediction
GBD 2019 Dementia Collaborators
Oct 11, 2021
BACKGROUND: Data sparsity is a major limitation to estimating national and global dementia burden. Surveys with full diagnostic evaluations of dementia prevalence are prohibitively resource-intensive in many settings. However...
The Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium (TyVAC): Vaccine effectiveness study designs
Typhoid fever is estimated to cause between 11.9-26.9 million infections globally each year with 129,000-216,510 deaths. Access to improved water sources have reduced disease incidence in parts of the world but the use of...
Protection conferred by typhoid fever against recurrent typhoid fever in urban Kolkata
Justin Im, Md. Taufiqul Islam, Deok Ryun Kim, Faisal Ahmmed, Yun Chon, K. Zaman, Ashraful Islam Khan, Mohammad Ali, Dipika Sur, Suman Kanungo, Shanta Dutta, Sujit K. Bhattacharya, Gordon Dougan, Kathryn E. Holt, Florian Marks, Jerome H. Kim, Firdausi Qadri, John D. Clemens
Aug 17, 2020
We evaluated the protection conferred by a first documented visit for clinical care of typhoid fever against recurrent typhoid fever prompting a visit. This study takes advantage of multi-year follow-up of a population with...
Protection conferred by typhoid fever against recurrent typhoid fever in urban Kolkata.
Justin Im, Md Taufiqul Islam, Deok Ryun Kim, Faisal Ahmmed, Yun Chon, K Zaman, Ashraful Islam Khan, Mohammad Ali, Dipika Sur, Suman Kanungo, Shanta Dutta, Sujit K Bhattacharya, Gordon Dougan, Kathryn E Holt, Florian Marks, Jerome H Kim, Firdausi Qadri, John D Clemens
Aug 21, 2020
We evaluated the protection conferred by a first documented visit for clinical care of typhoid fever against recurrent typhoid fever prompting a visit. This study takes advantage of multi-year follow-up of a population with...
Investigation of the role of typhoid toxin in acute typhoid fever in a human challenge model.
Malick M Gibani, Elizabeth Jones, Amber Barton, Celina Jin, Juliette Meek, Susana Camara, Ushma Galal, Eva Heinz, Yael Rosenberg-Hasson, Gerlinde Obermoser, Claire Jones, Danielle Campbell, Charlotte Black, Helena Thomaides-Brears, Christopher Darlow, Christina Dold, Laura Silva-Reyes, Luke Blackwell, Maria Lara-Tejero, Xuyao Jiao, Gabrielle Stack, Christoph J Blohmke, Jennifer Hill, Brian Angus, Gordon Dougan, Jorge Galán, Andrew J Pollard
Jul 02, 2020
Salmonella Typhi is a human host-restricted pathogen that is responsible for typhoid fever in approximately 10.9 million people annually1. The typhoid toxin is postulated to have a central role in disease pathogenesis, the...
An extended genotyping framework for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of human typhoid.
Vanessa K Wong, Stephen Baker, Thomas R Connor, Derek Pickard, Andrew J Page, Jayshree Dave, Niamh Murphy, Richard Holliman, Armine Sefton, Michael Millar, Zoe A Dyson, Gordon Dougan, Kathryn E Holt, International Typhoid Consortium
Feb 19, 2019
The population of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, exhibits limited DNA sequence variation, which complicates efforts to rationally discriminate individual isolates. Here we...
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