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Rare variant analysis of 4241 pulmonary arterial hypertension cases from an international consortium implicates FBLN2, PDGFD, and rare de novo variants in PAH.
Na Zhu, Emilia M Swietlik, Carrie L Welch, Michael W Pauciulo, Jacob J Hagen, Xueya Zhou, Yicheng Guo, Johannes Karten, Divya Pandya, Tobias Tilly, Katie A Lutz, Jennifer M Martin, Carmen M Treacy, Erika B Rosenzweig, Usha Krishnan, Anna W Coleman, Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui, Allan Lawrie, Richard C Trembath, Martin R Wilkins, Regeneron Genetics Center, PAH Biobank Enrolling Centers’ Investigators, NIHR BioResource for Translational Research - Rare Diseases, National Cohort Study of Idiopathic and Heritable PAH, Nicholas W Morrell, Yufeng Shen, Stefan Gräf, William C Nichols, Wendy K Chung
Jul 28, 2021
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal vasculopathy characterized by pathogenic remodeling of pulmonary arterioles leading to increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and heart...
Case-control association testing De novo variant analysis Exome Sequencing Genetics genome sequencing pulmonary arterial hypertension Adolescent Adult Age of Onset Aged Alleles Amino Acid Substitution Biomarkers Calcium-Binding Proteins Child Child Preschool Extracellular Matrix Proteins Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetic variation Genotype Humans Lymphokines Male Middle Aged Mutation Phenotype Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Population Surveillance pulmonary arterial hypertension United Kingdom United States Young Adult
Predicting the Occurrence of Variants in RAG1 and RAG2.
Dylan Lawless, Hana Lango Allen, James Thaventhiran, NIHR BioResource–Rare Diseases Consortium, Flavia Hodel, Rashida Anwar, Jacques Fellay, Jolan E Walter, Sinisa Savic
Jan 03, 2020
While widespread genome sequencing ushers in a new era of preventive medicine, the tools for predictive genomics are still lacking. Time and resource limitations mean that human diseases remain uncharacterized because of an...
Publisher Correction: Telomerecat
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Telomerecat
Telomere length is a risk factor in disease and the dynamics of telomere length are crucial to our understanding of cell replication and vitality. The proliferation of whole genome sequencing represents an unprecedented...
How common are single gene mutations as a cause for lacunar stroke? A targeted gene panel study.
Expression Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
Anna Ulrich, Pablo Otero-Núñez, John Wharton, Emilia M Swietlik, Stefan Gräf, Nicholas W Morrell, Dennis Wang, Allan Lawrie, Martin R Wilkins, Inga Prokopenko, Christopher J Rhodes, On Behalf Of The Nihr BioResource-Rare Diseases Consortium, UK PAH Cohort Study Consortium
Jan 08, 2021
Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) can provide a link between disease susceptibility variants discovered by genetic association studies and biology. To date, eQTL mapping studies have been primarily conducted in healthy...
Blood eQTL expression quantitative trait locus Genetics pulmonary arterial hypertension Base Sequence Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Female Genetic Association Studies Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genome Genome-Wide Association Study Humans Male Polymorphism Single Nucleotide pulmonary arterial hypertension Quantitative Trait Loci Sequence Analysis RNA Transcriptome
Expression Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Anna Ulrich, Pablo Otero-Núñez, John Wharton, Emilia M. Swietlik, Stefan Gräf, Nicholas W. Morrell, Dennis Wang, Allan Lawrie, Martin R. Wilkins, Inga Prokopenko, Christopher J. Rhodes, on behalf of The NIHR BioResource—Rare Diseases Consortium, UK PAH Cohort Study Consortium
Oct 23, 2020
Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) can provide a link between disease susceptibility variants discovered by genetic association studies and biology. To date, eQTL mapping studies have been primarily conducted in healthy...
Rare variant analysis of 4241 pulmonary arterial hypertension cases from an international consortium implicates FBLN2, PDGFD, and rare de novo variants in PAH.
Na Zhu, Emilia M Swietlik, Carrie L Welch, Michael W Pauciulo, Jacob J Hagen, Xueya Zhou, Yicheng Guo, Johannes Karten, Divya Pandya, Tobias Tilly, Katie A Lutz, Jennifer M Martin, Carmen M Treacy, Erika B Rosenzweig, Usha Krishnan, Anna W Coleman, Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui, Allan Lawrie, Richard C Trembath, Martin R Wilkins, Nicholas W Morrell, Yufeng Shen, Stefan Gräf, William C Nichols, Wendy K Chung
Jun 11, 2021
Background
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal vasculopathy characterized by pathogenic remodeling of pulmonary arterioles leading to increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and heart...
Genetics genome sequencing pulmonary arterial hypertension Exome Sequencing Case-control association testing De novo variant analysis
Published by: Genome medicine
Rare variant analysis of 4241 pulmonary arterial hypertension cases from an international consortium implicates FBLN2, PDGFD, and rare de novo variants in PAH
Na Zhu, Emilia M. Swietlik, Carrie L. Welch, Michael W. Pauciulo, Jacob J. Hagen, Xueya Zhou, Yicheng Guo, Johannes Karten, Divya Pandya, Tobias Tilly, Katie A. Lutz, Jennifer M. Martin, Carmen M. Treacy, Erika B. Rosenzweig, Usha Krishnan, Anna W. Coleman, Claudia Gonzaga-Juaregui, Allan Lawrie, Richard C. Trembath, Martin R. Wilkins, Nicholas W. Morrell, Yufeng Shen, Stefan Gräf, William C. Nichols, Wendy K. Chung, Russel Hirsch, R. James White, Marc Simon, David Badesch, Erika Rosenzweig, Charles Burger, Murali Chakinala, Thenappan Thenappan, Greg Elliott, Robert Simms, Harrison Farber, Robert Frantz, Jean Elwing, Nicholas Hill, Dunbar Ivy, James Klinger, Steven Nathan, Ronald Oudiz, Ivan Robbins, Robert Schilz, Terry Fortin, Jeffrey Wilt, Delphine Yung, Eric Austin, Ferhaan Ahmad, Nitin Bhatt, Tim Lahm, Adaani Frost, Zeenat Safdar, Zia Rehman, Robert Walter, Fernando Torres, Sahil Bakshi, Stephen Archer, Rahul Argula, Christopher Barnett, Raymond Benza, Ankit Desai, Veeranna Maddipati, Harm J. Bogaard, Colin Church, Gerry Coghlin, Robin Condliffe, Mélanie Eyries, Henning Gall, Stefano Ghio, Barbara Girerd, Simon Holden, Luke Howard, Marc Humbert, David G. Kiely, Gabor Kovacs, Jim Lordan, Rajiv D. Machado, Robert V. MacKenzie Ross, Colm McCabe, Shahin Moledina, David Montani, Horst Olschewski, Christopher J. Penkett, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Laura Price, Christopher J. Rhodes, Werner Seeger, Florent Soubrier, Laura Southgate, Jay Suntharalingam, Andrew J. Swift, Mark R. Toshner, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, John Wharton, Jim Wild, Stephen John Wort
May 10, 2021
Abstract: Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal vasculopathy characterized by pathogenic remodeling of pulmonary arterioles leading to increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and...
Rare variant analysis of 4241 pulmonary arterial hypertension cases from an international consortium implicates FBLN2, PDGFD, and rare de novo variants in PAH
Na Zhu, Emilia M. Swietlik, Carrie L. Welch, Michael W. Pauciulo, Jacob J. Hagen, Xueya Zhou, Yicheng Guo, Johannes Karten, Divya Pandya, Tobias Tilly, Katie A. Lutz, Jennifer M. Martin, Carmen M. Treacy, Erika B. Rosenzweig, Usha Krishnan, Anna W. Coleman, Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui, Allan Lawrie, Richard C. Trembath, Martin R. Wilkins, Nicholas W. Morrell, Yufeng Shen, Stefan Gräf, William C. Nichols, Wendy K. Chung, Russel Hirsch, R. James White, Marc Simon, David Badesch, Erika Rosenzweig, Charles Burger, Murali Chakinala, Thenappan Thenappan, Greg Elliott, Robert Simms, Harrison Farber, Robert Frantz, Jean Elwing, Nicholas Hill, Dunbar Ivy, James Klinger, Steven Nathan, Ronald Oudiz, Ivan Robbins, Robert Schilz, Terry Fortin, Jeffrey Wilt, Delphine Yung, Eric Austin, Ferhaan Ahmad, Nitin Bhatt, Tim Lahm, Adaani Frost, Zeenat Safdar, Zia Rehman, Robert Walter, Fernando Torres, Sahil Bakshi, Stephen Archer, Rahul Argula, Christopher Barnett, Raymond Benza, Ankit Desai, Veeranna Maddipati, Harm J. Bogaard, Colin Church, Gerry Coghlin, Robin Condliffe, Mélanie Eyries, Henning Gall, Stefano Ghio, Barbara Girerd, Simon Holden, Luke Howard, Marc Humbert, David G. Kiely, Gabor Kovacs, Jim Lordan, Rajiv D. Machado, Robert V. MacKenzie Ross, Colm McCabe, Shahin Moledina, David Montani, Horst Olschewski, Christopher J. Penkett, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Laura Price, Christopher J. Rhodes, Werner Seeger, Florent Soubrier, Laura Southgate, Jay Suntharalingam, Andrew J. Swift, Mark R. Toshner, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, John Wharton, Jim Wild, Stephen John Wort
Jun 22, 2021
Abstract: Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal vasculopathy characterized by pathogenic remodeling of pulmonary arterioles leading to increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and...
Rare variant analysis of 4241 pulmonary arterial hypertension cases from an international consortium implicates FBLN2, PDGFD, and rare de novo variants in PAH
Na Zhu, Emilia M. Swietlik, Carrie L. Welch, Michael W. Pauciulo, Jacob J. Hagen, Xueya Zhou, Yicheng Guo, Johannes Karten, Divya Pandya, Tobias Tilly, Katie A. Lutz, Jennifer M. Martin, Carmen M. Treacy, Erika B. Rosenzweig, Usha Krishnan, Anna W. Coleman, Claudia Gonzaga-Jauregui, Allan Lawrie, Richard C. Trembath, Martin R. Wilkins, Nicholas W. Morrell, Yufeng Shen, Stefan Gräf, William C. Nichols, Wendy K. Chung, Russel Hirsch, R. James White, Marc Simon, David Badesch, Erika Rosenzweig, Charles Burger, Murali Chakinala, Thenappan Thenappan, Greg Elliott, Robert Simms, Harrison Farber, Robert Frantz, Jean Elwing, Nicholas Hill, Dunbar Ivy, James Klinger, Steven Nathan, Ronald Oudiz, Ivan Robbins, Robert Schilz, Terry Fortin, Jeffrey Wilt, Delphine Yung, Eric Austin, Ferhaan Ahmad, Nitin Bhatt, Tim Lahm, Adaani Frost, Zeenat Safdar, Zia Rehman, Robert Walter, Fernando Torres, Sahil Bakshi, Stephen Archer, Rahul Argula, Christopher Barnett, Raymond Benza, Ankit Desai, Veeranna Maddipati, Harm J. Bogaard, Colin Church, Gerry Coghlin, Robin Condliffe, Mélanie Eyries, Henning Gall, Stefano Ghio, Barbara Girerd, Simon Holden, Luke Howard, Marc Humbert, David G. Kiely, Gabor Kovacs, Jim Lordan, Rajiv D. Machado, Robert V. MacKenzie Ross, Colm McCabe, Shahin Moledina, David Montani, Horst Olschewski, Christopher J. Penkett, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Laura Price, Christopher J. Rhodes, Werner Seeger, Florent Soubrier, Laura Southgate, Jay Suntharalingam, Andrew J. Swift, Mark R. Toshner, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, John Wharton, Jim Wild, Stephen John Wort
Jun 04, 2021
Abstract: Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal vasculopathy characterized by pathogenic remodeling of pulmonary arterioles leading to increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and...
ImmUniverse Consortium
Stefania Vetrano, Gerben Bouma, Robert J Benschop, Thomas Birngruber, Antonio Costanzo, GRAM D'Haens, Loredana Frasca, Rainer Hillenbrand, Lars Iversen, Claus Johansen, Arthur Kaser, Hans JPM Koenen, Christa Noehammer, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Jeroen Raes, Leonardo Ricotti, Philip Rosenstiel, Venkata P Satagopam, Stefan Schreiber, Severine Vermeire, Andreas Wollenberg, Stephan Weidinger, Daniel Ziemek, Silvio Danese, ImmUniverse Consortium
Jan 04, 2023
Immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are a heterogeneous group of debilitating, multifactorial and unrelated conditions featured by a dysregulated immune response leading to destructive chronic inflammation. The immune...
Expanded repertoire of RASGRP2 variants responsible for platelet dysfunction and severe bleeding.
Sarah K Westbury, Matthias Canault, Daniel Greene, Emilse Bermejo, Katharine Hanlon, Michele P Lambert, Carolyn M Millar, Paquita Nurden, Samya G Obaji, Shoshana Revel-Vilk, Chris van Geet, Kate Downes, Sofia Papadia, Salih Tuna, Christopher Watt, NIHR BioResource–Rare Diseases Consortium, Kathleen Freson, Michael A Laffan, Willem H Ouwehand, Marie-Christine Alessi, Ernest Turro, Andrew D Mumford
May 31, 2018
Heritable platelet function disorders (PFDs) are genetically heterogeneous and poorly characterized. Pathogenic variants in RASGRP2, which encodes calcium and diacylglycerol-regulated guanine exchange factor I (CalDAG-GEFI)...
Whole-genome sequencing of patients with rare diseases in a national health system.
Ernest Turro, William J Astle, Karyn Megy, Stefan Gräf, Daniel Greene, Olga Shamardina, Hana Lango Allen, Alba Sanchis-Juan, Mattia Frontini, Chantal Thys, Jonathan Stephens, Rutendo Mapeta, Oliver S Burren, Kate Downes, Matthias Haimel, Salih Tuna, Sri VV Deevi, Timothy J Aitman, David L Bennett, Paul Calleja, Keren Carss, Mark J Caulfield, Patrick F Chinnery, Peter H Dixon, Daniel P Gale, Roger James, Ania Koziell, Michael A Laffan, Adam P Levine, Eamonn R Maher, Hugh S Markus, Joannella Morales, Nicholas W Morrell, Andrew D Mumford, Elizabeth Ormondroyd, Stuart Rankin, Augusto Rendon, Sylvia Richardson, Irene Roberts, Noemi BA Roy, Moin A Saleem, Kenneth GC Smith, Hannah Stark, Rhea YY Tan, Andreas C Themistocleous, Adrian J Thrasher, Hugh Watkins, Andrew R Webster, Martin R Wilkins, Catherine Williamson, James Whitworth, Sean Humphray, David R Bentley, 000 Genomes Project NIHR BioResource for the 100, Nathalie Kingston, Neil Walker, John R Bradley, Sofie Ashford, Christopher J Penkett, Kathleen Freson, Kathleen E Stirrups, F Lucy Raymond, Willem H Ouwehand
Jul 01, 2020
Most patients with rare diseases do not receive a molecular diagnosis and the aetiological variants and causative genes for more than half such disorders remain to be discovered1. Here we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in a...
Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex Adaptor Proteins Signal Transducing Alleles Databases Factual Erythrocytes GATA1 Transcription Factor Humans Internationality National Health Programs Phenotype Quantitative Trait Loci Rare Diseases Receptors Thrombopoietin State Medicine United Kingdom whole genome sequencing
Evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in seronegative patients with long COVID.
Benjamin A Krishna, Eleanor Y Lim, Lenette Mactavous, NIHR BioResource Team, Paul A Lyons, Rainer Doffinger, John R Bradley, Kenneth GC Smith, John Sinclair, Nicholas J Matheson, Paul J Lehner, Mark R Wills, Nyaradzai Sithole
Aug 01, 2022
BACKGROUND: There is currently no consensus on the diagnosis, definition, symptoms, or duration of COVID-19 illness. The diagnostic complexity of Long COVID is compounded in many patients who were or might have been infected...
Bayesian Inference Associates Rare KDR Variants with Specific Phenotypes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
Emilia M Swietlik, Daniel Greene, Na Zhu, Karyn Megy, Marcella Cogliano, Smitha Rajaram, Divya Pandya, Tobias Tilly, Katie A Lutz, Carrie CL Welch, Michael W Pauciulo, Laura Southgate, Jennifer M Martin, Carmen M Treacy, Christopher J Penkett, Jonathan C Stephens, Harm J Bogaard, Colin Church, Gerry Coghlan, Anna W Coleman, Robin Condliffe, Christina A Eichstaedt, Mélanie Eyries, Henning Gall, Stefano Ghio, Barbara Girerd, Ekkehard Grünig, Simon Holden, Luke Howard, Marc Humbert, David G Kiely, Gabor Kovacs, Jim Lordan, Rajiv D Machado, Robert V MacKenzie Ross, Colm McCabe, Shahin Moledina, David Montani, Horst Olschewski, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Laura Price, Christopher J Rhodes, Werner Seeger, Florent Soubrier, Jay Suntharalingam, Mark R Toshner, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, John Wharton, James M Wild, Stephen John Wort, Allan Lawrie, Martin R Wilkins, Richard C Trembath, Yufeng Shen, Wendy K Chung, Andrew J Swift, William C Nichols, Nicholas W Morrell, Stefan Gräf
Dec 15, 2020
Background - Approximately 25% of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been found to harbor rare mutations in disease-causing genes. To identify missing heritability in PAH we integrated deep phenotyping with...
Germline mutations in the transcription factor IKZF5 cause thrombocytopenia.
Claire Lentaigne, Daniel Greene, Suthesh Sivapalaratnam, Remi Favier, Denis Seyres, Chantal Thys, Luigi Grassi, Sarah Mangles, Keith Sibson, Matthew Stubbs, Frances Burden, Jean-Claude Bordet, Corinne Armari-Alla, Wendy Erber, Samantha Farrow, Nicholas Gleadall, Keith Gomez, Karyn Megy, Sofia Papadia, Christopher J Penkett, Matthew C Sims, Luca Stefanucci, Jonathan C Stephens, Randy J Read, Kathleen E Stirrups, Willem H Ouwehand, Michael A Laffan, NIHR BioResource, Mattia Frontini, Kathleen Freson, Ernest Turro
Jan 02, 2020
To identify novel causes of hereditary thrombocytopenia, we performed a genetic association analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 13 037 individuals enrolled in the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)...
The SPECTRUM Consortium
M Horton, PR Perman-Howe, C Angus, J Bishop, I Bogdanovica, A Brennan, J Britton, LS Brose, J Brown, J Collin, M Dockrell, N Fitzgerald, S Friel, D Gillespie, AB Gilmore, SE Hill, C Knai, T Langley, S Martin, A McNeill, G Moore, MR Munafò, RL Murray, M Opazo Breton, J Pearce, M Petticrew, G Reid, D Robson, H Rutter, L Shahab, N Shortt, K Smith, K Syrett, L Bauld
Dec 31, 2021
The main causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), health inequalities and health inequity include consumption of unhealthy commodities such as tobacco, alcohol and/or foods high in fat, salt and/or sugar. These exposures...
The SPECTRUM Consortium
M Horton, PR Perman-Howe, C Angus, J Bishop, I Bogdanovica, A Brennan, J Britton, LS Brose, J Brown, J Collin, M Dockrell, N Fitzgerald, S Friel, D Gillespie, AB Gilmore, SE Hill, C Knai, T Langley, S Martin, A McNeill, G Moore, MR Munafò, RL Murray, M Opazo Breton, J Pearce, M Petticrew, G Reid, D Robson, H Rutter, L Shahab, N Shortt, K Smith, K Syrett, L Bauld
Dec 31, 2021
The main causes of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), health inequalities and health inequity include consumption of unhealthy commodities such as tobacco, alcohol and/or foods high in fat, salt and/or sugar. These exposures...
Phenotype description and response to thrombopoietin receptor agonist in DIAPH1-related disorder.
Sarah K Westbury, Kate Downes, Claire Burney, Maria L Lozano, Samya G Obaji, Cheng Hock Toh, Teresa Sevivas, Neil V Morgan, Wendy N Erber, Carly Kempster, Samantha F Moore, Chantal Thys, Sofia Papadia, Willem H Ouwehand, NIHR BioResource–Rare Diseases, Michael A Laffan, Keith Gomez, Kathleen Freson, Jose Rivera, Andrew D Mumford
Nov 22, 2018
DIAPH1-related disorder has a bilineage hematological phenotype of macrothrombocytopenia and neutropenia associated with hearing loss. Eltrombopag increased proplatelet formation from cultured DIAPH1-related disorder...
Association of Rare and Common Variation in the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene With Coronary Artery Disease.
Amit V Khera, Hong-Hee Won, Gina M Peloso, Colm O'Dushlaine, Dajiang Liu, Nathan O Stitziel, Pradeep Natarajan, Akihiro Nomura, Connor A Emdin, Namrata Gupta, Ingrid B Borecki, Rosanna Asselta, Stefano Duga, Piera Angelica Merlini, Adolfo Correa, Thorsten Kessler, James G Wilson, Matthew J Bown, Alistair S Hall, Peter S Braund, David J Carey, Michael F Murray, H Lester Kirchner, Joseph B Leader, Daniel R Lavage, J Neil Manus, Dustin N Hartzel, Nilesh J Samani, Heribert Schunkert, Jaume Marrugat, Roberto Elosua, Ruth McPherson, Martin Farrall, Hugh Watkins, Eric S Lander, Daniel J Rader, John Danesh, Diego Ardissino, Stacey Gabriel, Cristen Willer, Gonçalo R Abecasis, Danish Saleheen, Frederick E Dewey, Sekar Kathiresan, DiscovEHR Study Group, CARDIoGRAM Exome Consortium, and Global Lipids Genetics Consortium Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium
Jun 25, 2018
IMPORTANCE: The activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-determining step in clearing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the circulation. Mutations that damage the LPL gene (LPL) lead to lifelong deficiency in enzymatic...
The International Human Epigenome Consortium
The International Human Epigenome Consortium (IHEC) coordinates the generation of a catalog of high-resolution reference epigenomes of major primary human cell types. The studies now presented (see the Cell Press IHEC web portal...
Characterization of renal cell carcinoma-associated constitutional chromosome abnormalities by genome sequencing.
Philip S Smith, James Whitworth, Hannah West, Jacqueline Cook, Carol Gardiner, Derek Hk Lim, Patrick J Morrison, R Gordon Hislop, Emily Murray, NIHR Rare Disease BioResource, Marc Tischkowitz, Anne Y Warren, Emma R Woodward, Eamonn R Maher
Jan 22, 2020
Constitutional translocations, typically involving chromosome 3, have been recognized as a rare cause of inherited predisposition to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for four decades. However, knowledge of the molecular basis of this...
Genetics renal cell carcinoma Translocation whole genome sequencing Acid Anhydride Hydrolases Adult Aged Carcinoma Renal Cell Chromosome Aberrations Chromosome Breakpoints Chromosomes Human Pair 3 Female Genetic Testing Humans Kidney Neoplasms Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Proteins Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases Proto-Oncogene Proteins Sequence Analysis DNA Tumor Suppressor Proteins ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
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