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Dual role of nanoparticles as drug carrier and drug.
The conventional chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of human malignancies are directed nonspecifically against both malignant and nonmalignant cells, often limiting their efficacy with having serious side effects....
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The True Identity of Putative Tooth Alveoli in a Cenozoic Crown Bird, the Gastornithid Omorhamphus
All extant birds are toothless, and recent molecular evidence suggests that edentulism in extant birds is the product of a single evolutionary transition to toothlessness on the line to crown birds in the Cretaceous. However, a...
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A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America
Snakes are the most diverse group of lizards, but their origins and early evolution remain poorly understood owing to a lack of transitional forms. Several major issues remain outstanding, such as whether snakes originated in a...
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A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America
Snakes are the most diverse group of lizards, but their origins and early evolution remain poorly understood owing to a lack of transitional forms. Several major issues remain outstanding, such as whether snakes originated in a...
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RETRACTED
This paper explores the dynamics of justification in the wake of a rumor outbreak on social media. Specifically, it examines the extent to which the five types of justification—descriptive argumentation, presumptive...
Complete Ichthyornis skull illuminates mosaic assembly of the avian head

The skull of living birds is greatly modified from the condition found in their dinosaurian antecedents. Bird skulls have an enlarged, toothless premaxillary beak and an intricate kinetic system that includes a mobile palate...

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Forty new specimens of Ichthyornis provide unprecedented insight into the postcranial morphology of crownward stem group birds.
Ichthyornis has long been recognized as a pivotally important fossil taxon for understanding the latest stages of the dinosaur-bird transition, but little significant new postcranial material has been brought to light since...
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Complete Ichthyornis skull illuminates mosaic assembly of the avian head

The skull of living birds is greatly modified from the condition found in their dinosaurian antecedents. Bird skulls have an enlarged, toothless premaxillary beak and an intricate kinetic system that includes a mobile palate...

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Visualizing the strongly reshaped skyrmion Hall effect in multilayer wire devices.
Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale spin textures touted as next-generation computing elements. When subjected to lateral currents, skyrmions move at considerable speeds. Their topological charge results in an additional transverse...
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Visualizing the strongly reshaped skyrmion Hall effect in multilayer wire devices
Abstract: Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale spin textures touted as next-generation computing elements. When subjected to lateral currents, skyrmions move at considerable speeds. Their topological charge results in an additional...
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The skull roof tracks the brain during the evolution and development of reptiles including birds
Major transformations in brain size and proportions, such as the Enlargement of the brain during the evolution of birds, are
accompanied by profound modifications to the skull roof. However, the hypothesis of concerted...
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The skull roof tracks the brain during the evolution and development of reptiles including birds
Major transformations in brain size and proportions, such as the Enlargement of the brain during the evolution of birds, are
accompanied by profound modifications to the skull roof. However, the hypothesis of concerted...
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Polymorphisms near TBX5 and GDF7 are associated with increased risk for Barrett's esophagus.
Claire Palles, Laura Chegwidden, Xinzhong Li, John M Findlay, Garry Farnham, Francesc Castro Giner, Maikel P Peppelenbosch, Michal Kovac, Claire L Adams, Hans Prenen, Sarah Briggs, Rebecca Harrison, Scott Sanders, David MacDonald, Chris Haigh, Art Tucker, Sharon Love, Manoj Nanji, John deCaestecker, David Ferry, Barrie Rathbone, Julie Hapeshi, Hugh Barr, Paul Moayyedi, Peter Watson, Barbara Zietek, Neera Maroo, Laura Gay, Tim Underwood, Lisa Boulter, Hugh McMurtry, David Monk, Praful Patel, Krish Ragunath, David Al Dulaimi, Iain Murray, Konrad Koss, Andrew Veitch, Nigel Trudgill, Chuka Nwokolo, Bjorn Rembacken, Paul Atherfold, Elaine Green, Yeng Ang, Ernst J Kuipers, Wu Chow, Stuart Paterson, Sudarshan Kadri, Ian Beales, Charles Grimley, Paul Mullins, Conrad Beckett, Mark Farrant, Andrew Dixon, Sean Kelly, Matthew Johnson, Shahjehan Wajed, Anjan Dhar, Elinor Sawyer, Rebecca Roylance, Lynn Onstad, Marilie D Gammon, Douglas A Corley, Nicholas J Shaheen, Nigel C Bird, Laura J Hardie, Brian J Reid, Weimin Ye, Geoffrey Liu, Yvonne Romero, Leslie Bernstein, Anna H Wu, Alan G Casson, Rebecca Fitzgerald, David C Whiteman, Harvey A Risch, David M Levine, Tom L Vaughan, Auke P Verhaar, Jan van den Brande, Eelke L Toxopeus, Manon C Spaander, Bas PL Wijnhoven, Luc JW van der Laan, Kausilia Krishnadath, Cisca Wijmenga, Gosia Trynka, Ross McManus, John V Reynolds, Jacintha O'Sullivan, Padraic MacMathuna, Sarah A McGarrigle, Dermot Kelleher, Severine Vermeire, Isabelle Cleynen, Raf Bisschops, Ian Tomlinson, Janusz Jankowski
Feb 05, 2020
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Barrett's esophagus (BE) increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We found the risk to be BE has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21 (within the HLA...
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Thiopurine monotherapy is effective in ulcerative colitis but significantly less so in Crohn’s disease
Evangelos Stournaras, Wendi Qian, Apostolos Pappas, You Yi Hong, Rasha Shawky, UK IBD BioResource Investigators, Tim Raine, Miles Parkes, UK IBD BioResource Investigators, Tariq Ahmad, Nick Kennedy, Peter Irving, Natalie Prescott, Charlie Lees, John Mansfield, Chris Lamb, Jack Satsangi, Alison Simmons, Alisa Hart, Sreedhar Subramanian, Chris Probert, Richard Shenderey, Anton Gunasekera, Klaartje Bel Kok, Babur Javaid, Leena Sinha, Salil Singh, Cathryn Preston, Mark Jarvis, Ruth Penn, Anjan Dhar, Achuth Shenoy, Kath Phillis, Arabis Oglesby, Jude Tilbury, Glyn Scott, Joseph Collum, Martyn Carter, Jamie Barbour, John Gordon, John Ramage, Ganesh Sivagi, Phil Roberts, Monica Bose, Shaji Sebastian, Joy Wilkins, Paul Banim, Alexana Kent, Ajay Verma, Dawn Warren, Alan Wiles, Matthew Johnson, Konrad Koss, Chirag Oza, Khalid Elamin, Annette Woods, Bijay Baburajan, Chris MacDonald, Byron Theron, Mark Tremelling, Udi Shmueli, Roisin Bevan, Jimmy Limdi, Prakash Nair, Deven Vani, Stephen Lewis, Michelle Baker-Moffat, Gordon Moran, Simon McLaughlin, Aminda de Silva, John Beckly, Anew Cole, Charles Murray, Alan Lobo, Melissa Smith, Sanju Mathew, John Saunders, Helen Steed, Matthew Brookes, Juliette Loehry, Monira Rahman, Jeff Butterworth, Ajay Muddu, Katie Clark, Christian Selinger, Arvind Ramadas, John McLaughlin, Richard Pollok, Colin Rees, Simon Panter, David Hobday, Stephen Foley, Vinod Patel, Emma Wesley, Daniel Gavin, Cathryn Edwards, Stuart Bloom, Chuka Nwokolo, John deCaestecker, Mina Hanna, Albert Davies, Laura Hancock, Fraser Cummings, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan, Theresa Tindall, Jonathan Landy, Richard Appleby, Dan Sharpstone, Andy Li, Richard Keld, Lin Mear, Anne Philips, Horace Willia, Laura Hancock Ben Warner, Dharmaraj Durai, Elaine Brinkworth, Zahid Mahmood, Rachel Cooney
Oct 06, 2020
Objective: Thiopurines are widely used as maintenance therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the evidence base for their use is sparse and their role increasingly questioned. Using the largest series reported to date...
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