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Fractionating impulsivity
The ability to make decisions and act quickly without hesitation can be advantageous in many settings. However, when persistently expressed, impulsive decisions and actions are considered risky, maladaptive and symptomatic of...
Pharmacological treatment of cognitive deficits in nondementing mental health disorders
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Trevor W Robbins
Jan 03, 2020
Evidence for pharmacological remediation of cognitive deficits in three major psychiatric disorders-attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and depression-is reviewed. ADHD is effectively treated with...
ADHD GABA Attention Cognition Depression Dopamine Glutamate Memory Noradrenaline Schizophrenia Serotonin Antidepressive Agents Antipsychotic Agents Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Central Nervous System Stimulants Cognition Disorders Depressive Disorder Dopamine Agents Humans Mental Disorders Schizophrenia Schizophrenic Psychology Treatment Outcome
The role of noradrenaline in cognition and cognitive disorders.
Many aspects of cognition and behaviour are regulated by noradrenergic projections to the forebrain originating from the locus coeruleus, acting through alpha and beta adrenoreceptors. Loss of these projections is common in...
Computational psychopharmacology
RATIONALE: Psychopharmacology needs novel quantitative measures and theoretical approaches based on computational modelling that can be used to help translate behavioural findings from experimental animals to humans, including...
Bidirectional variation in glutamate efflux in the medial prefrontal cortex induced by selective positive and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulators.
Dysregulation of prefrontal cortical glutamatergic signalling via NMDA receptor hypofunction has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction and impaired inhibitory control in such neuropsychiatric disorders as schizophrenia...
NMDA receptors Glutamate Impulsivity mGluR5 Prefrontal Cortex Allosteric Regulation Animals Dizocilpine Maleate Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists Glutamic Acid Imidazoles Male Oxadiazoles Piperidines Prefrontal Cortex Pyridines Rats Rats Wistar Receptor Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptors N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
Temperament and arousal systems
This paper critically reviews the unidimensional construct of General Arousal as utilised by models of temperament in differential psychology for example, to underlie 'Extraversion'. Evidence suggests that specialization within...
Effects of quinpirole in the ventral tegmental area on impulsive behaviour during performance on the five-choice serial reaction time task.
Impulsive behaviour on the five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT), a task measuring attention and impulsivity in rodents, is known to depend on dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the mesolimbic DA pathway. Previous...
Cognitive Rigidity, Habitual Tendencies, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
Recent theories have posited a range of cognitive risk factors for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including cognitive inflexibility and a maladaptive reliance on habits. However, empirical and methodological...
Computational psychopharmacology
Abstract: Rationale: Psychopharmacology needs novel quantitative measures and theoretical approaches based on computational modelling that can be used to help translate behavioural findings from experimental animals to humans...
A Mobile Phone App for the Generation and Characterization of Motor Habits.
Habits are a powerful route to efficiency; the ability to constantly shift between goal-directed and habitual strategies, as well as integrate them into behavioral output, is key to optimal performance in everyday life. When...
D2 receptors and cognitive flexibility in marmosets
Behavioral flexibility, which allows organisms to adapt their actions in response to environmental changes, is impaired in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions, including obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction. Studies...
Cognitive Inflexibility Predicts Extremist Attitudes.
Research into the roots of ideological extremism has traditionally focused on the social, economic, and demographic factors that make people vulnerable to adopting hostile attitudes toward outgroups. However, there is...
Tryptophan Depletion Promotes Habitual over Goal-Directed Control of Appetitive Responding in Humans.
5-HT goal-directed behavior inhibitory control Serotonin stimulus-response habit learning tryptophan depletion Adult Appetitive Behavior Conditioning Operant Executive Function Female Goals Habits Humans INHIBITION Psychological Male Psychological Tests Psychomotor Performance Serotonin Synaptic Transmission Tryptophan
Genotype-by-diagnosis interaction influences self-control in human cocaine addiction.
Not everyone who uses drugs loses control over their intake, which is a hallmark of addiction. Although familial risk studies suggest significant addiction heritability, the genetic basis of vulnerability to drug addiction...
A review of molecular genetic studies of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is a complex and debilitating illness with strong genetic loading. In line with its heterogeneous symptomatology, evidence suggests genetic etiologies for the phenotypes in schizophrenia. A search across...
Computational modelling reveals contrasting effects on reinforcement learning and cognitive flexibility in stimulant use disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Jonathan W. Kanen, Karen D. Ersche, Naomi A. Fineberg, Trevor W. Robbins, Rudolf N. Cardinal
Jul 19, 2020
Abstract: Rationale: Disorders of compulsivity such as stimulant use disorder (SUD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are characterised by deficits in behavioural flexibility, some of which have been captured using...
Ramping single unit activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum reflects the onset of waiting but not imminent impulsive actions.
Avoid jumping to conclusions under uncertainty in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Sharon Morein-Zamir, Sonia Shapher, Julia Gasull-Camos, Naomi A. Fineberg, Trevor W. Robbins
Jan 15, 2020
High levels of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) could contribute to abnormal decision making in uncertain situations. Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) often report high IU, indecisiveness and the need to seek...
Effective Use of Animal Models for Therapeutic Development in Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders.
Athina Markou and others argue forcefully for the adoption of a "translational-back translational strategy" for central nervous system drug discovery involving novel application of drugs with established safety profiles in...
Animal models atomoxetine Drug Discovery Ketamine Review Varenicline Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors Animals Antidepressive Agents Atomoxetine Hydrochloride Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Depressive Disorder Drug Discovery Humans Ketamine Mental Disorders Models Animal Nicotinic Agonists Tobacco Use Disorder Varenicline
Cognitive underpinnings of nationalistic ideology in the context of Brexit.
Nationalistic identities often play an influential role in citizens' voting behavior and political engagement. Nationalistic ideologies tend to have firm categories and rules for what belongs to and represents the national...
Computational modelling reveals contrasting effects on reinforcement learning and cognitive flexibility in stimulant use disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Jonathan W Kanen, Karen D Ersche, Naomi A Fineberg, Trevor W Robbins, Rudolf N Cardinal
Jul 08, 2019
Addiction Amisulpride Compulsivity Computational modelling Dopamine Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Pramipexole reinforcement learning Reversal Learning Stimulant use disorder Adult Central Nervous System Stimulants Cognition Dopamine Agonists Dopamine Antagonists Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists Double-Blind Method Female Humans Male Middle Aged Models Neurological Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Receptors Dopamine D2 Receptors Dopamine D3 Reinforcement psychology Reversal Learning Reward Substance-Related Disorders Young Adult
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