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Neurons rely on mitochondria as their preferred source of energy. Mutations in PINK1 and PARKIN cause neuronal death in early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), thought to be due to mitochondrial dysfunction. In Drosophila pink1...

Activating Transcription Factor 4 Animals Drosophila Drosophila Proteins Folic Acid Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NADP) Mitochondria Mutagenesis Neuroprotection Parkinson Disease Phenotype Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases RNA Interference RNA Small Interfering Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases Up-Regulation

In Drosophila, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (dPerk). dPerk can also be activated by defective mitochondria in fly models of Parkinson's disease caused by...

Drosophila Drosophila protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (dPerk) ER stress activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) Unfolded Protein Response Activating Transcription Factor 4 Animals Cell Cycle Proteins Computational Biology Drosophila Proteins Drosophila melanogaster Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum stress Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS Mitochondria Neurodegenerative Diseases Phosphorylation Protein Processing Post-Translational Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases Proteomics Signal Transduction Transcription Factors Transcriptome Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases Unfolded Protein Response eIF-2 Kinase

Endoplasmic reticulum stress Placenta placental growth factor pre-eclampsia pregnancy and reproduction Activating Transcription Factor 4 Activating Transcription Factor 6 Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors Endoplasmic reticulum stress Female Fetal Growth Retardation Humans Placenta Placenta Growth Factor Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications Pregnancy Proteins Unfolded Protein Response

Activating Transcription Factor 4 Animals Bacterial Toxins Cell Line Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum stress Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 Humans Macrolides Mice Protein Transport SEC Translocation Channels

The blood system is sustained by a pool of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are long-lived due to their capacity for self-renewal. A consequence of longevity is exposure to stress stimuli including reactive oxygen species...

Activating Transcription Factor 4 Animals Apoptosis Endoplasmic reticulum stress Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins Hematopoietic Stem Cells Heterografts Humans Male Membrane Proteins Mice Molecular Chaperones Protein Folding Protein Phosphatase 1 Signal Transduction Transcription Factor CHOP Tunicamycin Unfolded Protein Response eIF-2 Kinase

The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle is arguably the most critical metabolic cycle in physiology and exists as an essential interface coordinating cellular metabolism, bioenergetics, and redox homeostasis. Despite decades of...

TCA cycle Biochemistry Cell Biology chemical biology metabolism Metabolomics Mitochondria MOUSE Activating Transcription Factor 4 Amino Acids Animals Cells Cultured Citric Acid Cycle Fumarate Hydratase Kidney Metabolome Mice Oxidation-Reduction RNA Interference Succinate Dehydrogenase

Activating Transcription Factor 4 Animals Axonal Transport Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Disease Models Animal Down-Regulation Drosophila Drosophila Proteins Folic Acid Locomotion Male Membrane Proteins Mitochondria Phenotype RNA Interference Reactive Oxygen Species

Tumour hypoxia is associated with poor patient prognosis and therapy resistance. A unique transcriptional response is initiated by hypoxia which includes the rapid activation of numerous transcription factors in a background of...

Activating Transcription Factor 4 Cell Death Cell Hypoxia Cell Line Tumor Cell Survival Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Damage DNA Helicases Gene Expression Regulation Humans Multifunctional Enzymes Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Oxygen R-Loop Structures RNA Helicases RNA-seq Unfolded Protein Response Up-Regulation Zinostatin eIF-2 Kinase