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Multilingualism and linguistic diversity are the norm in India. Although studies have shown a relation between bilingualism and cognitive gains, linguistic diversity has so far been ignored as a potential factor affecting...

Bilingualism Linguistic Diversity Cognition Working memory Fluid intelligence disadvantaged contexts socio-economic status

By relying on longitudinal data on two rural parishes in the Russian Baltic province of Livland, the article analyses two questions concerning famine's short‐run effects on mortality in a manorial system: (1) whether there is...

Famine manorial economy Mortality socio-economic status

Socio-economic status (SES) is an important predictor of obesity, but how it is associated with differences in physical activity and sedentary behaviour is less clear. This cross-sectional study examined the association between...

South Africa Body Mass Index physical activity rural Sedentary socio-economic status urban Waist Circumference Adiposity Adolescent Adult Black People Body Mass Index Cross-Sectional Studies Exercise Female Humans Models Theoretical Overweight prevalence Rural Population Sedentary Behavior Social Class South Africa Urban Population Waist Circumference Young Adult

Investing in strangers in a socio-economic exchange is risky, as we may be uncertain whether they will reciprocate. Nevertheless, the potential rewards for cooperating can be great. Here, we used a cross sectional sample (n =...

Adolescent Age development Gender difference I-POMDP IQ Effects Model based risk aversion socio-economic status trust

In this article, we focus on the causes of individual differences in Down syndrome (DS), exemplifying the multi-level, multi-method, lifespan developmental approach advocated by Karmiloff-Smith (1998, 2009, 2012, 2016). We...

Alzheimer’s disease Down Syndrome apolipoprotein APOE gene Brain imaging Genetics individual differences socio-economic status vocabulary development Adult Brain Child Child Preschool Down Syndrome Female Humans Individuality Infant Infant Newborn Language Development Pregnancy Vocabulary

High cost of healthy foods could be a barrier to healthy eating. We aimed to examine the association between dietary cost and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a non-Mediterranean country. We evaluated cross-sectional data...

MDS Mediterranean diet score Dietary cost Mediterranean diet socio-economic status Adult Animals Costs and Cost Analysis Cross-Sectional Studies Diet Healthy Diet Mediterranean Female Fishes Fruit Health Behavior Humans Male Meat Middle Aged Patient Compliance seafood Socioeconomic Factors United Kingdom Vegetables

BACKGROUND: Women from socio-economically deprived areas are less likely to develop and then to survive breast cancer (BC). Whether associations between deprivation and BC incidence and survival differ by tumour molecular...

Breast Cancer Incidence Mortality socio-economic status subtypes

family influence Gender questionnaire school readiness socio-economic status Child Child Development Child Preschool Cognition England Female Humans Male reading Reproducibility of Results School Teachers Schools Surveys and Questionnaires

Adult stature has become a widely used indicator of childhood nutritional status in historical populations and may provide insights into health inequalities that are not discernible in mortality rates. However, most...

Anthropometry Eighteenth century Health inequality height historical demography Industrial Revolution militia Nutritional Status socio-economic status Adult Body Height England Europe Humans Male marriage Social Class Socioeconomic Factors

Previous studies have identified localized associations between childhood environment - namely their socio-economic status (SES) - and particular neural structures. The primary aim of the current study was to test whether...

Cognitive ability diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) socio-economic status Behaviour connectomics educational attainment Brain Child Connectome Diffusion tensor imaging Economic Status Humans Social Class